| Effects of fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios on dry matter accumulation and yield of sorghum under supplementary irrigation in northern Shaanxi |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.20 |
| Key Words: sorghum fertilizer application rate basal\|to\|topdressing ratio dry matter accumulation yield supplementary irrigation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHAO Juncheng | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China | | CAO Hongxia | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China | | REN Liyu | Shaanxi Chongren Water Conservancy Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000， China | | ZHANG Bin | Shaanxi Chongren Water Conservancy Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000， China | | AI Yuyu | Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China | | LI Zhijun | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China |
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| Abstract: |
| To address the challenges of insufficient irrigation water and low fertilizer utilization in sorghum production in northern Shaanxi, this study analyzed the effects of different fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios on sorghum dry matter accumulation and yield under supplementary irrigation. In 2023, a field experiment with two factors of fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios in Yulin, Shaanxi was conducted. The study adopted three fertilizer application rates (standard fertilizer application rate, Z100; 80% standard fertilizer application rate, Z80; 60% standard fertilizer application rate, Z60) combining with three basal\|to\|topdressing ratios (base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=8∶1∶1, F82; base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=6∶2∶2, F64; base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=4∶3∶3, F46). The fertilizer application rate and basal\|to\|topdressing ratio had a significant effect on dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency and yield of sorghum (P<0.05). The Z80F46 treatment had a significant advantage in dry matter accumulation. At maturity, the dry matter accumulation of the Z80F46 treatment was 23.47% and 11.01% higher than that of the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, respectively. Logistic equation fitting found that the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of the Z80F46 treatment was 22.81% and 7.67% higher than that of the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, respectively; the time to reach the maximum accumulation rate was extended by 8.08 days and 3.24 days, respectively; and the average accumulation rate was increased by 17.46% and 43.69%, respectively. At the same time, the Z80F46 treatment promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the grains and the transport and assimilation of dry matter before and after flowering. Under the same basal\|to\|topdressing ratio conditions, the proportion of dry matter allocated to grains at maturity in the Z80F46 treatment was 29.75% and 57.12% higher than that in the Z100F46 and Z60F46 treatments, respectively. Under the same fertilization amount, compared with the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, the 280F46 treatment demonstrated an 81.82% and 10.90% enhancement in pre\|anthesis dry matter transport rate of vegetative organs, along with 101.71% and 93.34% increments in post\|anthesis dry matter assimilation, respectively. In addition, compared with the same basal\|to\|topdressing ratio treatment under Z100 and Z60 fertilization rates, the grain yield under Z80 fertilization rate increased by 28.25% to 54.35% and 42.49% to 81.50%, respectively. Under the same fertilization rate, compared with Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, the water use efficiency of Z80F46 treatment increased by 25.35% and 9.25%, respectively. In conclusion, the recommended drip irrigation and fertilization strategy for sorghum cultivation in the northern Shaanxi region involves reducing the standard fertilization rate by 20% and adjusting the ratio of base fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and flowering fertilizer to 4∶3∶3. |
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