| Effects of phosphorus application on photosynthetic characteristics, ion balance, and antioxidant capacity of tomato under salt and alkaline stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.04 |
| Key Words: tomato saline\|alkali stress phosphorus application growth indexes photosynthesis parameters ion equilibrium osmotic regulation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Changhong | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China | | WEI Yuxin | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China | | SUO Feiya | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China | | XU Jing | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China | | SONG Mei | Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Seventh Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Kuitun, Xinjiang 833200, China | | LIU Huiying | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China | | DIAO Ming | College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the effects of phosphorus application levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, ion balance, and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes under salt and alkali stress, ‘Kuiguan B108’ tomatoes were used as the experimental material. A sand matrix pot experiment was conducted with two stress treatments: salt stress (0.30% NaCl) and alkali stress (0.35% NaHCO3). For each stress type, three phosphorus application levels were established: 0, 50, and 100 mg·kg-1. The growth index, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, ion content and antioxidant capacity of tomato were measured 15 days after tomato transplanting. The results showed that under salt stress, 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1 phosphorus treatments (YP50, YP100) increased the aboveground dry weight by 121.88% and 68.72%, respectively, and the underground dry weight by 158.33% and 66.66%, respectively, compared with no phosphorus treatment (YP0). Under alkali stress, the aboveground dry weight of 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1 phosphorus treatments (JP50、JP100) were increased by 100.00% and 176.19%, and the underground dry weight was increased by 88.89% and 188.89%, respectively, compared with the non\|phosphorus treatment (JP0). In terms of photosynthetic parameters, under salt stress, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves treated with YP50 and YP100 increased by 50.96% and 39.95%, respectively, compared with YP0 treatment. Under alkaline stress, JP50 and JP100 treatments increased photosynthetic rate by 41.95% and 67.79%, respectively, compared with JP0 treatment. At the same time, under salt stress, the stomatal conductance of YP50 and YP100 treatments increased by 87.95% and 51.27% respectively, compared with YP0 treatment, and the potential photochemical efficiency increased by 33.33% and 12.28% respectively. Under alkali stress, the actual photochemical efficiency quantum yield of JP50 and JP100 treatments increased by 26.47% and 32.35%, respectively, compared with JP0 treatment, and the relative PSII excitation energy pressure decreased by 22.03% and 30.51%, respectively. In terms of ion regulation, under salt stress, YP50 and YP100 treatments significantly reduced the content of Na+ and Cl- ions in tomato seedling leaves compared with YP0 treatment. The content of Na+ decreased by 27.29% and 14.13% respectively, and the content of Cl- decreased by 14.30% and 9.09% respectively. Under alkaline stress, the Na+ content of leaves treated with JP50 and JP100 decreased by 14.48% and 26.27%, respectively, and the Cl- content of roots decreased by 6.36% and 14.83%, respectively. At the level of antioxidant enzyme activity, under salt stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase in YP50 and YP100 increased by 23.40% and 11.08%, respectively, and the activity of peroxidase increased by 36.98% and 19.43%, respectively, compared with YP0. Under alkaline stress, the superoxide dismutase activity of JP50 and JP100 treatments increased by 11.90% and 23.98%, respectively, compared with JP0, the catalase activity increased by 31.44% and 49.16%, respectively, and the ascorbate peroxidase activity increased by 24.71% and 38.80%, respectively. Under salt stress, the malondialdehyde content in the YP50 and YP100 treatments decreased by 24.19% and 12.53%, respectively, compared to YP0. Under alkaline stress, the electrolyte permeability in the JP50 and JP100 treatments decreased by 22.97% and 37.12%, respectively, compared to JP0, indicating that oxidative stress damage was effectively alleviated. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application was more pronounced under alkaline stress than under salt stress, and the optimal phosphorus application level varied between the two conditions. Under salt stress, the most significant improvement was observed with a phosphorus application rate of 50 mg·kg-1, whereas under alkaline stress, the best effect was achieved with a phosphorus application rate of 100 mg·kg-1. |
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