| Effects of long\|term organic fertilizer application on soil properties, microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.12 |
| Key Words: organic fertilizer soil structure soil organic carbon soil moisture parameter soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen soil enzyme activity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YANG Yonghui | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | ZHANG Yunhong | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | GAO Cuimin | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | LIU Hao | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | PAN Xiaoying | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | HE Fang | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | HAN Weifeng | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China | | WU Jicheng | Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China； Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China
Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water\|Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The application of organic fertilizer plays a crucial role in improving soil structure, water and nutrient retention, microbial activity, and overall soil quality. However, systematic research is needed to examine the effects of organic fertilizer on soil physical characteristics, moisture parameters, microbial properties, and their interrelationships. This is essential to comprehensively assess the long\|term impact of organic fertilizer application on soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Thus, in a long\|term experiment (initiated with winter wheat sowing in 2006) at the Yuzhou Experimental Base for Water\|Saving Agriculture in Henan Province, the effects of prolonged organic manure application (750 kg·hm-2) on soil porosity in the 0~40 cm layer were quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, soil structure, moisture parameters, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil enzyme activity in the 0~10 cm layer were examined. The results indicate that the proportion of soil aggregates gradually increased as the particle size of soil aggregates decreased. Compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the addition of organic fertilizers increased the proportion of >0.5 mm soil aggregates by 70.1%, while reducing the proportions of 0.25~0.5 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates by 34.2% and 26.5%, respectively. The long\|term application of organic fertilizers enhanced the proportion of water\|stable large aggregates, increased the mean weight diameter of aggregates, and improved soil structure stability. With increasing soil depth, the number of soil pores gradually increased, while soil porosity decreased. Additionally, the circularity of soil pores initially increased and then declined. Long\|term organic fertilizer application increased the number of pores at depths of 0~100 mm, 200~250 mm, and 250~300 mm, as well as porosity at 0~100 mm and 250~300 mm. It also enhanced the porosity rounding rate at soil depths of 0~150 mm and 150~200 mm. Furthermore, the long\|term application of organic fertilizers improved soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water\|holding capacity, water supply capacity, field water capacity, and available water content. It also enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as the activities of soil sucrase, cellulase, urease, and protease at different wheat growth stages. In conclusion, the long\|term application of organic fertilizers improved soil physicochemical properties, enhanced soil structure stability and moisture parameters, and promoted microbial activity and soil enzyme function. |
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