| Effects of organic fertilizer combined with reduced chemical fertilizer on spring maize yield, quality, and water\|nitrogen utilization in the Hexi oasis irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.17 |
| Key Words: spring maize organic fertilizer chemical fertilizer reduction yield grain quality water and nitrogen utilization |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | SUN Huidong | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | CAO Hongxia | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LIU Lintao | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | Du Guoteng | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the potential of high\|quality and efficient chemical fertilizer reduction in spring maize cultivation in the Hexi oasis irrigation area, this study investigated the effects of replacing 30% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer alone, alongside five different chemical fertilizers, on spring maize yield, grain quality, and water and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed organic fertilizer combined with appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer improved ear traits, increased the number of grains per ear, and promoted the distribution of aboveground biomass to grains, thereby increasing the yield of spring maize. Based on the local recommended nitrogen application rate (260 kg·hm-2), organic fertilizer replaced 30% chemical fertilizer (78 kg·hm-2) with 211 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer reduced by 18.85% to obtain the highest yield of 19 323 kg·hm-2. Organic fertilizer replaced 30% chemical fertilizer (78 kg·hm-2) with 187 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer reduced by 28.08% to obtain the maximum harvest index of 60.46%. Organic fertilizer combined with appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer increased spring corn starch, soluble sugar and reducing sugar. Principal component analysis showed that more crude fat was formed in the grains with the reduction of chemical fertilizer application. Organic fertilizer combined with appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer can increase the nitrogen accumulation in the shoots of spring maize and promote the distribution of nitrogen accumulation to grains. It also can improve the water and nitrogen use efficiency. Organic fertilizer replaced 30% chemical fertilizer (78 kg·hm-2) with 193 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was reduced by 25.77% to obtain the maximum nitrogen accumulation of 242.79 kg·hm-2. Organic fertilizer replaced 30% chemical fertilizer (78 kg·hm-2) with 173 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was reduced by 33.46% to obtain the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of 33.96%. The application of organic fertilizer combined with an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer can effectively fix nitrate nitrogen in the 0~40 cm surface layer of soil, reducing the risk of leaching into deeper layers. Based on principal component analysis, the effects of different treatments on yield, grain quality, and water and nitrogen utilization in spring maize were comprehensively evaluated. Considering economic benefits, it is recommended that organic fertilizer replace 30% of chemical fertilizer (78 kg·hm-2), reducing chemical fertilizer use by 18.85%~33.46% (49~87 kg·hm-2), as a quality\| and efficiency\|improving technology for lower\|fertility sandy loam soil in the Hexi oasis irrigation area. |
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