| Analysis of orchard conditions and current status of apricot cultivation in Turpan City |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.24 |
| Key Words: apricot variety site conditions planting techniques tree structure |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Xinyu | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | QIN Wei | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | BAIKELI Rouzi | Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Tuokexun County, Tulufan, Xinjiang 818300, China | | YANG Yang | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | WU Mingjiang | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | LIU Ai | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | WU Yuzhuo | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China | | LIU Liqiang | College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Representative apricot orchards were selected from the major administrative villages in Gaochang District, Shanshan County,and Tuokexun County in Turpan City,and 40 sample plots were established as research objects based on planting density settings for study. Field surveys were conducted to assess orchard site conditions,the current status of cultivation management, and shelterbelt configurations, accompanied by interviews with local farmers. The site conditions and cultivation management practices of apricot orchards in this region were analyzed, the existing problems were discussed, and suggestions were put forward so as to provide a scientific basis for local optimization of apricot planting management level. The results showed that: (1) The elevation of apricot orchards in Turpan varies from -109.0 m to 658.7 m,with an average elevation of 85.9 m. 67.5% of orchards were located at an elevation of less than 100.0 m. Four soil types were identified:sandy loam,gritty sandy soil,sandy\|stony soil,and gravelly sandy loam,among which 77.5% were sandy loam. A total of 77.5% of orchards were established on flat terrain,with the remainder on gentle to moderate slopes (3.0°~7.0°). (2) A diverse range of apricot cultivars was grown,with the early\|maturing apricot ‘Suletan’ being the dominant variety (47.5%). Orchards in the full fruiting stage account for 62.5%,with an average tree age of 12 years. In 17.5% of orchards,the poor tree shape management led to excessive shading,and the lifespan was advanced to prematurely show the characteristics of late fruiting stages. (3) Apricot trees were primarily planted in rectangular and pit planting methods. A few apricot gardens with sloped land adopted the ridge and furrow planting. Planting densities varied significantly (21~83 trees per 667 m2), with apricot gardens of 33, 44, and 56 trees per 667m2 predominating. A total of 70.0% of surveyed orchards exhibited missing trees, with 22.5% having a vacancy rate of 20.0% or more, which significantly affected orchard uniformity and yield. (4) Young orchards often adopted intercropping systems, while mature orchards primarily used clean tillage. Traditional surface flood irrigation was employed in 62.5% of orchards. (5) The predominant tree shape was the natural open\|center form with 3~5 main branches, with an inadequate crown opening angle, and the average value of the base angle of the primary branch was 43.5°. Orchard canopy coverage was excessive in both full fruiting (72.4%) and late fruiting stages (77.3%). (6) Shelterbelts mainly were constructed by relying on roadside protective forests, which were single\|layer ventilated structures with generally low construction standards for field forest belts. Some orchards lacked shelterbelt configurations entirely. In summary, apricot orchards in Turpan were mainly distributed in low\|elevation, flat areas with sandy loam soils. There were key problems, including single planting variety structure, unreasonable planting density, inadequate tree shape management, waste of water source by traditional flood irrigation, and incomplete configuration of the shelterbelt system. It is recommended to optimize cultivar combinations and regional planting patterns, reasonably allocate planting density, promote water\|saving irrigation technology, improve tree management practices, and strengthen shelterbelt construction. The standardization and promotion of these technical standards can significantly enhance apricot production levels and economic benefits. |
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