| Study on salt effect of drainage and salt control in open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage and regularity of salt return after failure of subsurface pipe |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.21 |
| Key Words: open\|ditch drainage subsurface pipes drainage soil salinity cotton yield Manas River Basin irrigation district in Xinjiang |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YE Fuhai | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China | | LIU Hongguang | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China | | TANG Hua | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China | | LI Ling | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China | | GONG Ping | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China | | LI Pengfei | College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China |
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| Abstract: |
| A 12-year field experiment was conducted in the Xiayedi irrigation district of the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang (2012-2023), to investigate the difference of long\|term drainage and salt control between open ditch and subsurface pipe and the characteristics of soil salt spatial migration after subsurface pipe failure. A total of two drainage measures (ODD: open ditch drainage, open ditch bottom width 1 m + top width 3 m, ditch depth 2.2 m; SPD: subsurface pipe drainage, pipe diameter 70 mm, buried depth 2.2 m) were installed. The characteristics of drainage and salt discharge, soil salt transport, cotton biomass, and yield changes under open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage measures were studied. The results showed that, (1) The ODD treatment was normally drained from 2012 to 2023, while the SPD treatment stopped draining from 2020. During the co\|drainage period from 2012 to 2019, the desalination rate of the 0~200 cm soil layer reached 79.1% and 72.0% for the ODD and SPD treatments, respectively. (2) In 2020-2023, the salinity in the 0~200 cm soil layer of the ODD treatment decreased by 28.3% on average compared to 2019. After the failure of the culvert drainage project, the salinity in the 0~80 cm soil layer decreased by 4.6% on average, while the salinity in the 80~200 cm soil layer increased by 14.3%, resulting in the phenomenon of “desalination in the upper layer and accumulation of salt in the lower layer”. (3) In 2019, cotton biomass and yield under both drainage treatments reached the level of highly significant difference (P<0.001) compared with 2012, in which the cotton yields under ODD and SPD treatments were 19.07 times and 19.90 times that of 2012, respectively. During the period of 2020-2023, the dry matter mass of roots, stems, and leaves, the weight of 100 bolls, the number of effective bolls, and the yield in ODD treatment increased by 52.7%, 53.4%, 10.2%, 83.1%, 10.3%, and 40.6%, respectively, compared with those of SPD. The response characteristics of soil salt distribution and cotton growth to different drainage measures showed that both ODD and SPD treatments could effectively remove excess water in soil, accelerate the process of soil salt leaching, and improve the soil water and salt status in the irrigation area, but the effect of ODD treatment on drainage and salt control was more outstanding. |
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