| Study on the sustainability of maize production technology by increasing density in northwest oasis irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.09 |
| Key Words: maize dense planting efficient utilization of resources yield economic benefits sustainability evaluation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | QIU Hailong | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | CHEN Guiping | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | GUO Yao | College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | LI Pan | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | WEI Jingui | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | ZHAO Lianhao | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | WAN Pingxing | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China | | YIN Wen | State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070 China |
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| Abstract: |
| In response to challenges such as the unclear threshold for increasing maize planting density under nitrogen application and the sustainability of production in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area, a four\|year field experiment (2019-2022) was conducted. The experiment included two nitrogen application levels: no nitrogen (N0) and 450 kg·hm-2 (N1), along with three planting densities: low density (73 600 plants·hm-2, D1), medium density (85 900 plants·hm-2, D2), and high density (98 200 plants·hm-2, D3). The study aimed to evaluate the effects of these treatments on maize yield performance, resource utilization, economic benefits, and overall sustainability. The results showed that the high planting density combined with nitrogen application (N1D3) effectively enhanced both grain yield and biomass yield of maize. Compared to the low density with nitrogen (N1D1) and medium density with nitrogen (N1D2) treatments, the grain yield increased by 18.9% and 23.0%, respectively, and biomass yield increased by 14.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the N1D3 treatment also improved water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and light use efficiency, which were enhanced by 34.2%, 10.5%, and 23.1% compared to N1D1, and by 16.9%, 5.1%, and 7.3% compared to N1D2, respectively. In addition, N1D3 treatment also had better performance in total output, per cubic meter water benefit, net income, and output/input ratio under the condition of keeping the total input basically unchanged, which were 21.6%, 37.1%, 20.9%, and 15.6% higher than N1D2 treatment. Owing to the synergistic improvement in the efficiency of multiple resource dimensions, including light, water, and nitrogen use, the N1D3 treatment achieved a higher sustainability index, which increased by 28.9% and 14.2% compared to N1D1 and N1D2, respectively. In conclusion, under the nitrogen application rate of 450 kg·hm-2, a planting density of 98 200 plants·hm-2 significantly enhanced maize yield as well as light, water, and nitrogen use efficiencies. This combination can be recommended as a sustainable production strategy to increase yield and resource efficiency for maize in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area. |
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