| Effects of supplemental irrigation at critical fertility periods on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of spring maize in northern Shaanxi Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.13 |
| Key Words: 春玉米 补灌水量 干物质累积 产量 水氮利用效率 |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Yuming | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | DU Yadan | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | HU Xiaotao | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | CAO Hongxia | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Tiantian | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Xiaoyan | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | YAN Tinglin | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | GU Xiaobo | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education， Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To clarify the effects of supplemental irrigation during key growth stages on spring maize yield and the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen, this study aimed to determine an optimal irrigation amount that ensures water\|saving, nitrogen\|saving, and yield stability in the arid regions of northern Shaanxi. Using the spring maize variety ‘Yudan 896’ under drip irrigation beneath plastic mulch, five supplemental irrigation levels were set: 0 mm (I0), 75 mm (I1), 150 mm (I2), 225 mm (I3), and 300 mm (I4), all with a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·hm-2. A local conventional practice with full irrigation of 300 mm and nitrogen application of 300 kg·hm-2 served as the control (CK). The effects of different irrigation levels on plant growth, chlorophyll content (SPAD), aboveground dry matter accumulation, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies were investigated. The results showed that under the same nitrogen input, supplemental irrigation during key growth stages significantly promoted plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, and SPAD values, increasing by 5.63%~24.56%, 4.44%~17.68%, 11.73%~35.55%, and 2.32%~29.38%, respectively. In 2023 and 2024, the maximum aboveground dry matter accumulation occurred in the I3 and I4 treatments, respectively, with the rapid accumulation period extended by 1~8 days and 4~12 days compared to other treatments. Grain yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) increased with the irrigation amount, peaking at I3 in 2023 (11 076.34 kg·hm-2 and 51.80 kg·kg-1) and at I4 in 2024 (12 156.95 kg·hm-2 and 50.65 kg·kg-1), though no significant differences were observed between I3 and I4 (P>0.05). Water use efficiency (WUE) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing irrigation. The highest WUE was observed under I3 treatment, with 30.29 kg·hm-2·d-1 in 2023 and 28.06 kg·hm-2·d-1 in 2024. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, the entropy weight method was applied to calculate the weight of each indicator and to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. The treatment rankings were CK>I3>I4>I2>I1>I0. However, I3 treatment outperformed CK in terms of average WUE and NPFP over the two years, increasing by 3.81% and 5.77%, respectively. Given the region’s severe water scarcity and the high economic cost of CK, the CK treatment does not align with the study’s goals of water- and nitrogen\|saving with high yield. Therefore, the I3 treatment — with 225 mm irrigation and 240 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application — is recommended as the optimal water\|efficient management practice for spring maize production in northern Shaanxi. |
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