| Analysis of water\|fertilizer\|gas coupling effect and irrigation decision\|making for Annona squamosa based on PCA-GRA |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.14 |
| Key Words: Annona squamosa L. water\|fertiliser\|air coupling principal component analysis grey relational analysis comprehensive evaluation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YU Hong | Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China | | LIU Yafang | Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China | | CAI Liliang | Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China | | WANG Weihua | Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To achieve efficient cultivation and improve the yield and quality of Annona squamosa L. (custard apple), effective planting management and optimal irrigation schemes were implemented. A three\|factor, three\|level orthogonal experiment (irrigation rate, fertilization rate, and dissolved oxygen) was conducted in the dry\|hot valley region of Yunnan Province to investigate the effects of water\|fertilizer\|gas coupling on custard apple growth, yield, and quality. A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis. The results showed that different water\|fertilizer\|gas treatments significantly affected soil enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality indicators of custard apple. The W3F2O1 treatment (100% ETc irrigation + 1 600 kg·hm-2 fertilization + 5 mg·L-1 dissolved oxygen) achieved the best overall performance, with a yield of 9.83 kg per plant, an 11.96% increase compared to the control treatment, and a peak net photosynthetic rate of 10.5 μmol·m-2·s-1. By balancing the water\|fertilizer\|gas ratio, the organic acid content was significantly reduced (by 0.30%), achieving synergistic optimization of yield and quality. While the W3F3O2 treatment (high water, high fertilizer, moderate oxygen) showed outstanding results in terms of vitamin C (29.9 mg·100g-1) and soluble solids (25.09%), it also suffered from organic acid accumulation. Using the PCA-GRA comprehensive evaluation method, the W3F2O1 treatment was recommended as the optimal solution for high\|yield and high\|quality custard apple cultivation, while the W3F3O2 treatment was recommended as an alternative for high\|quality cultivation. This study provides a theoretical basis for precision irrigation of tropical fruit trees and validates the applicability of multi\|method fusion evaluation in agricultural systems. |
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