| Effects of reducing irrigation amount and applying soil amendments on seed maize yield, nitrogen utilization, and nitrate dynamics in Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.18 |
| Key Words: seed corn irrigation amount soil amendment nitrogen utilization yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | HAO Jianxue | National Key Laboratory of Maize Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | Gulizainuer·Yushan | Manas Agricultural Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Manas, Xinjiang 832299, China | | LIN Ming | Manas Agricultural Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Manas, Xinjiang 832299, China | | LU Yajie | Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Manas County, Manas, Xinjiang 832200, China | | ZHAO Min | Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Manas County, Manas, Xinjiang 832200, China | | TAN Xuelian | Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | SUN Zhencai | National Key Laboratory of Maize Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | FAN Xiaoqin | Manas Agricultural Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Manas, Xinjiang 832299, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore suitable irrigation regimes and soil amendment strategies for seed maize production in arid regions of Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted. Three irrigation levels (conventional irrigation W1: 6 000 m3·hm-2, W2: 5 400 m3·hm-2, W3: 4 800 m3·hm-2) were combined with four soil amendments (N1: biochar (2 000 kg·hm-2), N2: microbial fertilizer (750 kg·hm-2), N3: bio\|organic fertilizer (750 kg·hm-2), N4: organic fertilizer (9 525 kg·hm-2)). The effects of reduced irrigation and soil amendments on growth characteristics, yield, nitrogen utilization, and nitrate nitrogen dynamics of seed maize were investigated. The results showed that the 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level combined with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer significantly increased yields, reaching 6 225.3 kg·hm-2 and 6 048.3 kg·hm-2, respectively. These treatments represented yield increases of 5.2%～17.2% and 2.2%～13.9% compared to other treatments and a 10% water saving compared to conventional irrigation. The 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level with organic fertilizer application resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation and grain nitrogen content at maturity, with increases of 8.5%～66.7% and 4.9%～28.7%, respectively, compared to other treatments. However, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index were lower, decreasing by 4.2% and 1.5%, respectively, compared to the 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level combined with microbial fertilizer. Increased irrigation intensified nitrate leaching, with nitrate nitrogen content at 60～100 cm soil depth under the 6 000 m3·hm-2 irrigation treatment being 9.1%～45.5% higher than other treatments. Application of both organic and microbial fertilizers improved soil nitrogen availability, increasing nitrate nitrogen content at the silking stage in the 0～40 cm soil layer by 35.7%～59.4% and 9.4%～38.5%, respectively, compared to other treatments. In conclusion, irrigating with 5 400 m3·hm-2 combined with organic fertilizer application is recommended as a water\|saving and high\|yield cultivation practice for seed maize in arid regions of Xinjiang. |
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