| Effects of different ammonia treatments on nutrient release from returned straw and maize growth |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.21 |
| Key Words: summer maize straw decomposition nutrient release yield formation nitrogen partitioning |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | FANG Yanxin | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | WANG Bo | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LIN Nanping | The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | PANG Jinwen | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | FU Haochuan | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Henan | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | ZHANG Haolei | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Xiang | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | DONG Qin’ge | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | FENG Hao | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the effects of different ammoniation treatments on nutrient release from returned straw and on crop growth, and to explore feasible schemes for the full and efficient utilization of straw resources and yield improvement in the Guanzhong region, five calcium hydroxide dosages were applied during the full growth period of summer maize in 2023 and 2024: AS1: 1%, AS2: 3%, AS3: 5%, AS4: 7%, and AS5: 9% (percentage of straw dry matter), with conventional straw return (ST) as the control. A nylon\|bag (litterbag) experiment was set up to analyze the dynamic changes in straw residue and nutrient (N, P, K) release. During the summer maize growing season, plant samples were collected to analyze crop growth indicators, yield and its components, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen allocation among plant organs. The results showed that in 2023 and 2024, the straw decomposition under AS2 was significantly higher than under other treatments, increasing by 6.94% to 24.84%, and 8.64% to 26.83% compared with the other ammoniation treatments and by 29.41% and 39.71% compared with ST, respectively. The regulation of straw nutrient release by ammoniation varied with calcium hydroxide dosage, among which AS2 had the most significant promoting effect. Compared with ST, the N, P, and K release rates at harvest under AS2 increased by 52.55%, 23.97%, and 10.64%, respectively. Relative to ST, plant height under AS2 increased by 6.06% and 8.35% in 2023 and 2024, respectively. During the two years, the ranges of maximum leaf area index (LAI) among treatments were 3.10 to 3.67, and 3.01 to 3.65, with AS2 increasing over ST by 5.77% and 29.43%, respectively. In both years, aboveground biomass at harvest under AS2 was significantly higher than under the other treatments, reaching 22 117.68 kg·hm-2 and 23 310.73 kg·hm-2. In 2024, the yield under AS2 reached 12 988.84 kg·hm-2, an increase of 35.11% over 2023. In 2023 and 2024, nitrogen accumulation in summer maize in harvest under AS2 increased significantly by 16.24% to 74.11%, and 33.31% to 62.19% compared with the other treatments, with the proportion of nitrogen allocated to the ear reaching 74.17% and 78.13%, respectively. In summary, an alkalinity (calcium hydroxide) dosage of 3% for ammoniated straw can better accelerate straw decomposition and nutrient release, promote crop growth and nitrogen uptake, increase yield, and is more suitable for promotion in the Guanzhong region. |
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