| Effects of organic material substitution for chemical fertilizers on soil water, fertility, and spring maize yield in newly reclaimed land on the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.22 |
| Key Words: spring maize newly reclaimed farmland organic materials water and fertility utilization crop growth yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Hongji | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | DONG Qin’ge | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | FENG Hao | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | SHU Fangyu | College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | WANG Jianping | Fruit Industry Bureau of Baota District, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore suitable organic material improvement models for soil fertility enhancement and maize yield increase, field experiments were conducted at the Shaanxi Ansai National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in 2019 and 2020, with nine “nitrogen\|equivalent substitution” treatments. These treatments included 25%, 50%, and 75% organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers (ON1, ON2, ON3), 25%, 50%, and 75% straw substituting chemical fertilizers (FN1, FN2, FN3), and 25%, 50%, and 75% organic fertilizer combined with straw substituting chemical fertilizers (OF1, OF2, OF3), along with a traditional fertilization control (CK). The objective was to explore the changes in soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen content, spring maize yield, and water\|nitrogen resource use efficiency under different organic material substitutions. The results showed that the ON2 treatment significantly improved soil moisture status in the 0-40 cm layer during the three\|leaf stage, increased soil moisture content by 17.2% compared to the CK at the three\|leaf stage, creating superior moisture conditions for maize growth. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, the ON2 treatment increased soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents by 3.5% to 13.7%, and 7.1% to 11.6% compared to the CK, respectively. Through water\|nutrient synergy, the ON2 treatment enhanced plant height and leaf area index during key growth stages by 8.7% to 19.6%, and 17.8% to 79.4% compared to the CK, respectively. Furthermore, the ON2 treatment improved water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 35.4% to 35.8%, and 7.1% to 7.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Concurrently, maize yield achieved a 29.1% to 33.0% increase compared to CK. The soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon content in the 75% organic material substitution treatment (ON3, FN3, and OF3) were higher than in the 25% and 50% substitution treatments, but the nitrate nitrogen content in the surface soil was lower in the early growth stages of spring maize under the 75% organic material substitution treatment. In summary, 50% organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer is an effective approach to improve soil fertility and increase grain yield in newly reclaimed land on the Loess Plateau. |
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