| Effects of grass cover cultivation duration on soil carbon and nitrogen in Western Henan orchards |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.15 |
| Key Words: grass cover cultivation duration soil organic carbon soil total nitrogen soil enzyme activity apple orchard |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | FU Xinlei | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China | | HE Yuxuan | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China | | SUN Xiaolan | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China | | WANG Chen | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China | | ZHANG Bing | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China | | WANG Yibo | The Characteristic Agricultural Development Center, Lingbao County, Sanmenxia, Henan 472500, China | | CHANG Qichao | Lingbao Yonghui Fruit Industry Co., Ltd., Lingbao County, Sanmenxia, Henan 472500, China | | QIU Lin | The Forest Science Research Institute of Xinyang, Xinyang, Henan 464031, China
Henan Jigongshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Xinyang, Henan 464031, China | | FENG Wanfu | The Forest Science Research Institute of Xinyang, Xinyang, Henan 464031, China
Henan Jigongshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Xinyang, Henan 464031, China | | WANG Dong | International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
Xiaoqinling Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station of the Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China |
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| Abstract: |
| As an efficient and sustainable soil management practice, grass cover plays a vital role in regulating soil carbon\|nitrogen cycling and improving soil physicochemical properties. Compared to clean tillage, naturally selected grass systems formed through grass cover exhibit high coverage, low water consumption, and strong stress resistance, significantly enhancing the soil microenvironment in orchards. This study focused on the Loess Plateau apple production area in western Henan Province (Lingbao City, Henan Province) to systematically investigate the mechanisms by which grass cover durations (1, 3, 5, and 7 years) influence soil carbon and nitrogen across different soil layers (0-100 cm). Stratified sampling combined with multi\|indicator analysis was employed to clarify the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon and nitrogen under varying grass cover durations. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and their densities in surface soil (0-20 cm) changed significantly with increasing duration of grass cover(P<0.01), with a 51.1% increase in SOC density after 7 years compared to 1 year. In deeper soil (20-100 cm), SOC and TN showed an initial decline followed by recovery, with an upward trend emerging after 5 years. Mantel tests revealed that soil bulk density, enzyme activities (β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase,Cellulase), and root biomass jointly drove carbon\|nitrogen dynamics (path coefficient=0.42-0.68, P<0.05). Variance partitioning analysis further demonstrated that enzyme activities explained 61.8% of carbon\|nitrogen variations, significantly surpassing the contributions of bulk density (1.5%) and roots (2.2%). The study highlights a stage\|specific regulation mechanism: short\|term grass cover (1-3 years) had limited effects on soil carbon\|nitrogen improvement, while significant increases occurred after 5 years, with soil carbon\|nitrogen levels surpassing initial conditions after 7 years. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing grass cover strategies to enhance soil fertility in semi\|arid orchard ecosystems. |
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